Reforms and modernization in Iran and Turkey had a history before Reza Shah and Atatürk came to power, and it can be said that modernization before these two political leaders in these two societies with acceptance and various oppositions with their own intensity and weaknesses. Especially from the clerical class and religious groups and the common people in these two countries, it has been facing each other. Achieving power in the direction of the mental background and later with a serious confrontation with the concept of modernity and innovative progress of the West, they sought quick and pragmatic actions along with more radical behaviors in order to reach their ultimate goal of bringing their country to progress and It was progress, they will arrive. According to the historical evidence and documents, it can be stated that Atatürk was more serious and strict in dealing with the tradition and institution of religion than Reza Shah, and of course, the different function of the institution of religion in both countries led to a different result in the emergence of religion. Aini had modernization in two countries in that period of history. Changing men's clothes, discovering women's hijab, creating traditional and modern legal and educational systems, rewriting history, road construction and industrialism, weakening traditional classes and creating and strengthening modern classes should be listed as the most important aspects of Reza Shah's and Ataturk's modernization.