During their conservative modernization, semi-parliamentary regimes try to preserve their old social structures as much as possible and, as much as possible, place major parts of that system within the new social structure. give While in the process of modernization, Reza Shah and Ataturk sought to erase their old social structures because they considered them to be the cause of backwardness. And since the development of Iran and Turkey was exogenous, not much attention was paid to the internal conditions of the society, but to achieve economic development, what had happened in the western countries should be modeled in order for them to progress. would be And by imposing modernization programs from top to bottom and relying on foreign or domestic capital, such as increasing tariffs and collecting huge taxes from farmers in Iran and Turkey, or selling oil in Iran, They provided changes that led to heterogeneous economic growth, especially in Iran. The concept of modernization implies the complete transformation of the traditional society into a modern society, with various types of technology and social organization related to it, which is a developed and stable economic-political feature. How the process of modernization in Iran was accompanied by the systematic oppositions and resistances of the guided society, which became one of the main reasons for the failure of Reza Shah in the modernization measures. Of course, another main reason for the lack of success of Reza Shah compared to Ataturk was the difference in the relationship between religion and government in the two countries.